IELTS General Training Reading · Practice test

    Highbridge: IELTS General Training Reading practice test

    A town festival and its bin collections, working alone and being appraised, and why people still queue for an allotment.

    • General Training
    • 3 passages
    • 40 questions
    • 60 minutes
    Sit this test on the clock

    Section 1 · Questions 1–14

    The festival and the bins

    You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1–14, which are based on Reading Section 1 below.

    Highbridge Summer Festival: programme notes

    AOpening Parade

    Saturday 12 July, 11.00, from the Market Square to Riverside Park. Schools, sports clubs and community groups lead the way, followed by the town band. Free to watch. Roads along the route will be closed from 10.30 until 12.30 and buses will be diverted along Mill Lane. Any group wishing to walk in the parade must register with the festival office by 30 June so that stewards can be arranged.

    BRiverside Food Market

    Saturday and Sunday, 11.00 to 18.00. Forty stalls along the river path, with hot food, baking and produce from farms within twenty miles. Entry is free. Dogs are welcome on a lead everywhere except inside the covered marquee. All stalls take cards; there is a single cash machine beside the bandstand, which makes a charge for withdrawals.

    COpen Air Cinema

    Friday 11 July. Gates 20.00, film begins at sunset, around 21.20. Tickets £8, or £4 for under-12s. Bring a rug or a low folding chair. High-backed chairs cannot be admitted, as they block the view of those behind. The screening will go ahead in light rain but will be cancelled if the wind is strong, in which case tickets will be refunded in full.

    DChildren's Craft Tent

    Saturday and Sunday, 10.00 to 16.00. Printing, clay and willow weaving, £2 per child for each activity. There is no need to book; simply join the queue. Children under eight must have an adult with them who stays for the whole session. Aprons are provided, but please note that some of the dyes we use will not wash out of clothing.

    EHeritage Walks

    Saturday and Sunday at 10.00 and 14.00, leaving from the war memorial. Ninety minutes, £5. Booking is essential, as each walk is limited to twelve people. The usual route includes two flights of steps and is not suitable for wheelchairs or pushchairs; a step-free version of the walk runs on Sunday afternoon only.

    FClosing Concert

    Sunday 13 July, 19.30, in Riverside Park, with the town brass band and the Highbridge Choral Society. Gates open at 18.30. Tickets are £12 if bought in advance and £15 at the gate, if any are left. Please bring no glass bottles. Seating is on the grass; a small number of chairs may be reserved for those unable to sit on the ground, by telephone only.

    Waste and recycling collections in Highbridge

    When we collect

    Your green bin, for recycling, and your grey bin, for everything else, are emptied on alternate fortnights, so each is collected once every two weeks. Food waste in the small brown caddy is collected every week. Please put your bins at the edge of your property by 6.30 on the morning of collection. Bins left on the pavement for more than twenty-four hours after emptying may be taken away.

    What goes in the green bin

    Paper, card, tins, cans, plastic bottles, pots, tubs and trays, all rinsed and dry. Please do not put in black plastic, crisp packets, plastic film, nappies or textiles. Glass may not go in the green bin at all: there is no doorstep glass collection in Highbridge, and bottles and jars should be taken to one of the bottle banks listed on our website.

    Food waste

    All cooked and uncooked food may go in the caddy, including bones, eggshells and tea bags. You may line it with newspaper or with a compostable liner carrying the seedling symbol. Ordinary plastic bags cannot be processed and will cause the whole caddy to be rejected. Free rolls of liners are available twice a year from the library and the council office.

    Garden waste

    This is a paid service costing £48 a year for one brown wheeled bin, emptied every fortnight from March to November. There is no garden waste collection in December, January or February. Subscriptions run from 1 March whenever they are taken out, and the price is not reduced for households joining later in the year.

    Large items

    We will collect up to three bulky household items, such as a sofa or a mattress, for £30. Bookings are made online and the first available appointment is usually about three weeks ahead. Fridges and freezers are collected but must be booked as separate items. We are not able to take building rubble, tyres, paint or asbestos under any circumstances.

    If we miss you

    Please report a missed collection within two working days, using the form on our website. Where the bin was out on time, we will return to empty it within three working days of your report. Reports made more than two working days after the collection date cannot be acted on, and the waste will have to be kept until the next scheduled visit.

    Questions 1–14

    Questions 1–6

    The festival programme describes six events, A–F. For which event are the following statements true? NB You may use any letter more than once.

    Paragraphs A–F

    NB You may use any letter more than once.

    1. 1Places must be reserved because numbers are strictly limited.
    2. 2Certain kinds of seat brought by visitors will be turned away.
    3. 3An activity may leave permanent marks on what people are wearing.
    4. 4It costs less if you pay before the day itself.
    5. 5Anyone wanting to take part, rather than watch, must give notice.
    6. 6Getting hold of cash on site will cost you extra.

    Questions 7–14

    Look at the information about waste and recycling collections. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

    TRUE
    if the statement agrees with the information
    FALSE
    if the statement contradicts the information
    NOT GIVEN
    if there is no information on this
    1. 7Food waste is collected more frequently than recycling.
    2. 8Bins should be put out by half past six in the morning.
    3. 9Glass bottles may be placed in the green bin.
    4. 10Compostable liners are acceptable in the food caddy.
    5. 11Households joining the garden waste service in July pay a reduced price.
    6. 12A freezer can be included in a bulky collection.
    7. 13Building rubble is collected for an additional charge.
    8. 14Most missed collections happen because bins are put out too late.

    Section 2 · Questions 15–27

    Working alone and being appraised

    You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15–27, which are based on Reading Section 2 below.

    Working safely alone: guidance for staff

    Who this covers

    You are working alone whenever you are working without close or direct supervision. This includes far more people than the phrase suggests: a receptionist left in a building after the offices have emptied, a driver on a long delivery, a care worker visiting a client at home, a technician finishing a job after colleagues have gone. It is the absence of anybody nearby who would notice a problem, rather than the nature of the job, that makes a task a lone-working one.

    Before you work alone

    Your manager must complete a risk assessment for the task before it is first carried out alone. The assessment covers the work, not the individual, although anyone with a relevant medical condition should tell their manager in confidence. Some activities may never be undertaken alone in any circumstances: work at height, work in a confined space, work on live electrical systems, and handling cash at the depot after dark.

    Keeping in touch

    Agree a schedule of check-ins with the duty officer before the shift begins, and do not arrange it informally with a colleague instead, because a colleague may go home. If two consecutive check-ins are missed, the escalation procedure starts automatically: a call to your mobile, then a call to the site, then, after thirty minutes, a call to your emergency contact and a visit from a supervisor.

    Equipment

    A charged telephone is the minimum, and it is your responsibility to start a shift with one. Staff who visit people at home also carry a lone-worker device with a button that opens a live audio link to a monitoring centre, which can hear what is happening and call for help without the device being answered. Devices are signed out at the depot and must be returned charged at the end of each shift.

    Visiting people at home

    Check the address record before you set out. Where the record carries a warning marker, the visit must be made in pairs, and no exception to this may be agreed locally. Park facing the direction in which you will leave. If at any point you feel unsafe, leave: you will never be criticised for ending a visit, and you should record the reason the same day so that the record is up to date for whoever goes next.

    Reporting

    Report every incident within twenty-four hours, including those in which nothing actually happened. A near miss is the cheapest information the organisation will ever receive, and it is only useful if it arrives. Reports are read by the health and safety team and are never referred to in appraisals or in decisions about promotion.

    Your annual appraisal: a guide for staff

    A

    An appraisal is a conversation rather than an examination, and it is intended to do three things: to look back over the year, to agree what you will be working towards in the next one, and to identify what would help you do it. It is worth being clear about what it is not. Pay is not decided here. Salary reviews are conducted separately each autumn and your appraisal record is not consulted in them.

    B

    Appraisals are held in April and May each year. A shorter mid-year conversation takes place in October to check whether objectives are still the right ones; nothing from it is written on the form. Anyone who joins the organisation part way through the cycle has a first appraisal six months after starting, rather than waiting for the following spring.

    C

    You complete the self-assessment section and send it to your manager at least five working days before the meeting, so that it can be read rather than skimmed in the corridor. Choose two or three examples and describe them properly. A list of everything you did during the year takes a long time to write and tells a reader very little.

    D

    You may nominate up to four colleagues to comment on your work, and your manager may add up to two more, who need not be from your own team. What those people write is summarised rather than quoted, so that nobody can be identified from a turn of phrase, and the summary is given to you before the meeting rather than produced in it.

    E

    You should leave the meeting with between three and five objectives. Each needs something that can be measured and a date by which it should be done. An objective that depends entirely on a decision somebody else has to take is not an objective you can be held to, and should be rewritten as the part of the work that is within your control.

    F

    If you do not agree with what has been recorded, say so at the time, and if the disagreement remains, you may attach a written comment of up to three hundred words which stays with the form permanently. Where the disagreement concerns conduct rather than performance, this is not the right route and a separate procedure should be used instead.

    G

    The completed form is signed by both of you and held by human resources for six years, after which it is destroyed. Requests for training go to the budget holder for your directorate, who considers all of them together in June. The training budget is allocated annually and anything not spent by the end of March does not carry over into the following year.

    Questions 15–27

    Questions 15–20

    Complete the notes below about working alone.

    Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

    Lone working: the main rules

    Before the work begins

    the manager completes a 15 covering the task rather than the person
    certain jobs may never be done alone, such as work at 16 or in a confined space

    Staying in contact

    arrange check-ins with the 17, not informally with a colleague
    two missed check-ins trigger calls ending with one to your 18

    On a home visit

    the lone-worker device opens a live 19 link to a monitoring centre
    an address carrying a warning marker must be visited in 20

    Questions 21–27

    The appraisal guide has seven sections, A–G. Which section contains the following information? NB You may use any letter more than once.

    Paragraphs A–G

    NB You may use any letter more than once.

    1. 21a limit on the length of something a member of staff may attach
    2. 22a statement of what the appraisal is not used to decide
    3. 23how long before the meeting a document must be sent
    4. 24a restriction on how many people may be asked for comments
    5. 25advice on the kind of goal that ought to be reworded
    6. 26how long the paperwork is kept before it is destroyed
    7. 27an arrangement for people who have recently joined

    Section 3 · Questions 28–40

    The allotment

    You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28–40, which are based on Reading Section 3 below.

    Ten Rods of England

    The allotment has been abolished, revived and queued for. It refuses to go away

    An allotment is a piece of ground, rented by the year, on which the tenant may grow food for the household but not for sale. A traditional full plot measures ten rods, an old unit that works out at about two hundred and fifty square metres, which is roughly the area of a doubles tennis court and rather more work than most people expect. The land usually belongs to a parish or town council, occasionally to a private association, and in most British towns there is a waiting list for it. In some cities that list is measured in years.

    The institution began as compensation for a loss. Between the middle of the eighteenth century and the middle of the nineteenth, the open fields and commons on which cottagers had grazed a cow, gathered fuel and grown a few vegetables were enclosed and turned into private farmland. The rural poor lost, at a stroke, the ground that had made the difference between a wage and hunger. Allotments were among the remedies offered, sometimes by landowners with a genuine conscience and sometimes by parishes calculating that a man digging his own potatoes would cost the poor rate less. The conditions attached to early tenancies show both motives at once: no work on Sundays, no growing for sale, and forfeiture for drunkenness.

    The two world wars turned a charitable provision into a national policy. Public parks, golf courses, railway embankments and, famously, the dry moat of the Tower of London were broken up for vegetables, and by 1943 there were about one and a half million plots in Britain producing a substantial share of the country's fresh food. Growing your own stopped being a mark of poverty and became a contribution, and for a short period the allotment was as respectable a thing to own as a bicycle.

    The peace undid it. Land on the edge of towns was needed for houses, vegetables became cheap in the new supermarkets, and a generation that had spent five years digging out of necessity discovered that it had no wish to spend Saturday doing it for fun. Plot numbers fell for forty years, and councils under financial pressure found allotment land an attractive thing to sell. The law was supposed to prevent this: a council has been obliged since 1908 to provide plots where six registered electors of the district request them in writing. In practice the duty proved easier to evade than to enforce, because a request can be met slowly, and land once built on is not recoverable.

    Then, from the late 1990s, demand came back, and nobody entirely agrees why. Food scares and a general unease about how vegetables were produced played a part. So did the price of fresh produce, and so did the growth of flats without gardens in cities where a patch of outdoor space had become a luxury. Waiting lists lengthened faster than anyone could create new sites, and many councils responded by dividing full plots in two as they fell vacant. Beginners are glad of a half plot, which can be kept under control in a few hours a week. Long-standing holders have resisted the change fairly consistently, arguing that a halved site loses the rotations and the fruit trees that a full plot supports.

    What the evidence shows is more modest than the enthusiasm. Studies comparing plot-holders with similar people who do not garden report better measured physical activity, more vegetables eaten and lower reported stress, which is about what one would expect from any regular outdoor occupation with a social element. The financial case is weaker than folklore suggests. Once seed, tools, water charges, the rent itself and the journeys to and from the site are counted, a plot rarely saves a household money, and the produce it yields is seasonal and awkwardly bunched. Anyone taking one on for thrift alone is likely to be disappointed, and most who keep one know this perfectly well.

    Sites are also governed, and the governing is a frequent source of friction. Rules limit the size of sheds, the height of hedges, the keeping of hens and the lighting of bonfires, and most associations require that a plot be at least seventy per cent cultivated at inspection, with a warning letter and then a notice to quit for those who fall below it. Anyone who has attended an allotment association meeting will know that the community which forms around a site is genuine and that it can also be pointed, and that the same rules which keep a site usable are experienced by newcomers as a wall of unwritten expectation.

    None of which explains the waiting lists, and I suspect the explanation is not horticultural at all. In a British town almost every piece of ground is either private, in which case you may not enter it, or public, in which case you may walk on it and nothing else. The allotment is the one exception: a patch of land over which an ordinary person, paying perhaps forty pounds a year, makes the decisions. What goes in it, when, and whether this corner is left to nettles for the butterflies is entirely up to the tenant. That is a rare thing, and it is worth more than the vegetables.

    Questions 28–40

    Questions 28–32

    Answer the questions below.

    Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer.

    1. 28How many rods does a traditional full plot measure?
    2. 29Which part of the Tower of London was dug up to grow vegetables?
    3. 30How many registered electors must ask before a council is obliged to provide plots?
    4. 31What size of plot are beginners pleased to be given?
    5. 32What is sent to an under-cultivated tenant before a notice to quit?

    Questions 33–36

    Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

    1. 33Why were allotments first provided in the nineteenth century?
      • ATo supply vegetables to the growing industrial towns.
      • BTo give farm labourers an additional source of income.
      • CTo replace ground the poor had lost when common land was enclosed.
      • DTo encourage people to move out of the cities.
    2. 34How have experienced plot-holders responded to plots being divided?
      • AThey have objected that a smaller plot cannot be worked properly.
      • BThey have asked for the rent to be reduced accordingly.
      • CThey have welcomed the increase in the number of tenants.
      • DThey have largely ignored the change.
    3. 35What does the writer say about the financial benefit of an allotment?
      • AIt depends entirely on the size of the household.
      • BIt rarely survives once all the costs are counted.
      • CIt is greater than most people realise.
      • DIt has improved since vegetable prices rose.
    4. 36What does the writer consider the allotment's most unusual quality?
      • AThe variety of produce that can be grown on it.
      • BThe strength of the community that gathers around it.
      • CThe low cost of renting one.
      • DThe control it gives an ordinary person over a piece of land.

    Questions 37–40

    Complete the summary below.

    Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer.

    The allotment today

    Demand returned in the late 1990s for several reasons: anxiety about how food was produced, the cost of fresh produce, and the spread of 37 in cities where outdoor space had become a luxury. Councils met the longer lists by halving plots, which suits beginners but has been opposed by those who have held a full plot for years. Life on a site is also regulated: sheds, hedges, hens and 38 are all controlled, and a plot that is not cultivated enough attracts a warning and then a notice to quit. The writer accepts that the 39 case for taking on a plot is weak, and argues that the real attraction is different, because an allotment is a piece of ground over which an ordinary person makes the 40.

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