Band 7 vocabulary for IELTS Speaking

    • 42 words
    • Band 7
    • Every word and sentence read aloud
    A view from a hilltop at sunrise over a vast valley that opens out to a wide, distant horizonA picnic basket, a small day bag and a folded blanket on a wooden pier by a lake, a boat moored alongsideA map with no readable names, a route marked across it by red pins joined with thread, a passport and a train ticket beside itA hammock strung between two trees in evening light, a book and a cold drink on a small stool beside it

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    A row of small terracotta pots of seedlings on a windowsill, one seedling growing much taller and straighter towards the light than the rest

    aptitude

    /ˈæptɪtjuːd/nounC1

    A natural ability or talent for doing something.

    One seedling racing ahead of the rest: an aptitude is a natural talent for something.

    Remember it: Aptitude contains apt, meaning naturally suitable or fitted for something.

    • “He showed a real aptitude for languages from an early age.”
    • “The test measures aptitude rather than acquired knowledge.”
    natural aptitudeaptitude testaptitude for something

    Similar: talent, flair, knack

    A Band 7 word. Try it in a phrase: “have an aptitude for”.

    Tap the card or press Space to flip

    The band at a glance

    • noun
    • adjective
    • verb
    • phrase or idiom
    Education: aptitude, broaden your horizons, intellectual, proficient, rote learning, vocational, well-rounded. Technology: artificial intelligence, automation, connectivity, cutting-edge, cybersecurity, revolutionise. Environment: carbon footprint, deforestation, emissions. Health & Wellbeing: chronic, epidemic, immunity, in moderation, under the weather, wellbeing. Business & Work: flexible working, incentive, productivity, recession, revenue. Travel & Tourism: breathtaking, excursion, expedition, hospitality, itinerary, unwind. Society & Culture: close-knit, inequality, integration, norm, prejudice, walk of life. Media & Communication: bias, influential, viral.

    Every word

    42 words

    • aptitudeˈæptɪtjuːdnoun

      A natural ability or talent for doing something.

      A row of small terracotta pots of seedlings on a windowsill, one seedling growing much taller and straighter towards the light than the rest
      One seedling racing ahead of the rest: an aptitude is a natural talent for something.

      A natural ability or talent for doing something.

      He showed a real aptitude for languages from an early age.

      The test measures aptitude rather than acquired knowledge.

      Remember it

      Aptitude contains apt, meaning naturally suitable or fitted for something.

      Watch out

      aptitude of doing somethingaptitude for doing something

      Aptitude takes 'for'.

      Goes with

      Words that go with aptitude: natural aptitude; aptitude test; aptitude for something; have an aptitude for.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      talentflairknackgift
      Opposite
      inabilityineptitude

      Word family

      The aptitude family: aptitude (noun), apt (adjective), aptly (adverb).
    • artificial intelligenceˌɑːtɪfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒənsnoun

      Computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

      A computer chip on a dark circuit board with fine threads of blue light branching out from it like nerve cells
      A chip lit up like a brain: artificial intelligence is computers doing tasks that need human-like thinking.

      Computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

      Artificial intelligence now powers everyday apps.

      There is heated debate about the ethics of artificial intelligence.

      Goes with

      Words that go with artificial intelligence: develop artificial intelligence; AI-powered; AI system; advances in artificial intelligence.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      machine intelligenceAI
      Opposite
      human intelligence
    • automationˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃnnoun

      The use of machines and technology to perform tasks without human control.

      A clean, bright factory floor where orange robotic arms assemble products on a production line, with no one around
      Robot arms working on their own: automation is machines doing a job without people.

      The use of machines and technology to perform tasks without human control.

      Automation has transformed manufacturing.

      Many fear that automation will replace routine jobs.

      Remember it

      Greek auto- means “self”: automation lets machines run a process by themselves.

      Goes with

      Words that go with automation: industrial automation; increasing automation; automation of tasks; the rise of automation.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      mechanisationcomputerisation
      Opposite
      manual labour

      Word family

      The automation family: automation (noun), automate (verb), automated (adjective), automatic (adjective), automatically (adverb).
    • biasˈbaɪəsnoun

      A tendency to favour or oppose something unfairly, affecting judgement.

      A brass balance scale tipped steeply down to one side even though each pan holds one identical red apple
      Two equal apples, yet the scale tips one way: bias is a tilt in judgement that unfairly favours one side.

      A tendency to favour or oppose something unfairly, affecting judgement.

      Readers accused the paper of political bias.

      Good journalism should be free of bias.

      Remember it

      Bias originally meant a slant or oblique direction, suggesting an unfair tilt in judgement.

      Watch out

      biasnessbias

      The noun is 'bias', not 'biasness'.

      Goes with

      Words that go with bias: media bias; political bias; show bias; unconscious bias; free from bias.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      prejudicepartialityslant
      Opposite
      impartialityobjectivityneutrality

      Word family

      The bias family: bias (noun), biased (adjective), unbiased (adjective).
    • breathtakingˈbreθteɪkɪŋadjective

      Astonishingly beautiful or impressive.

      A dramatic mountain range rising above a sea of clouds at sunrise
      A view that makes you stop and stare: breathtaking means amazingly beautiful.

      Astonishingly beautiful or impressive.

      The view from the summit was breathtaking.

      We watched a breathtaking sunset.

      Watch out

      breath takingbreathtaking

      The adjective is normally written as one word.

      Goes with

      Words that go with breathtaking: breathtaking views; breathtaking scenery; absolutely breathtaking.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      stunningspectacularawe-inspiring
      Opposite
      dullunremarkable

      Word family

      The breathtaking family: breathtaking (adjective), breathtakingly (adverb).
    • broaden your horizonsˈbrɔːdn jɔː həˈraɪznzidiom

      To increase the range of your knowledge, experience, or interests.

      A view from a hilltop at sunrise over a vast valley that opens out to a wide, distant horizon
      The view keeps widening: learning and travel broaden your horizons.

      To increase the range of your knowledge, experience, or interests.

      Studying abroad really broadened my horizons.

      Reading widely is a great way to broaden your horizons.

      Watch out

      broaden the horizonbroaden your horizons

      The established idiom normally uses plural 'horizons' and a possessive.

      Goes with

      Words that go with broaden your horizons: broaden your horizons; broaden your mind; broaden your horizons.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      expand your outlookwiden your experience
      Opposite
      narrow your outlook
    • carbon footprintˈkɑːbən ˈfʊtprɪntnoun

      The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by a person, activity, or organisation.

      A single large footprint pressed into a layer of black charcoal dust on a pale wooden floor
      A footprint made of carbon: your carbon footprint is the greenhouse gas your life leaves behind.

      The total amount of greenhouse gases produced by a person, activity, or organisation.

      Flying less is one way to reduce your carbon footprint.

      The factory has cut its carbon footprint by half.

      Watch out

      make a carbon footprinthave or leave a carbon footprint

      These are the usual collocations.

      Goes with

      Words that go with carbon footprint: reduce your carbon footprint; carbon footprint of; lower carbon footprint; shrink your carbon footprint.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      carbon emissionsenvironmental impact
    • chronicˈkrɒnɪkadjective

      (Of an illness or problem) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.

      A seven-day pill organiser filled for the week, with a stack of empty ones behind it from the weeks before
      Week after week of pills: a chronic illness lasts a long time or keeps coming back.

      (Of an illness or problem) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.

      She suffers from chronic back pain.

      The region faces a chronic shortage of doctors.

      Remember it

      Chronic comes from Greek chronos, “time,” reminding you that chronic problems last a long time.

      Watch out

      chronical illnesschronic illness

      The adjective is chronic, not chronical.

      Goes with

      Words that go with chronic: chronic illness; chronic pain; chronic shortage; a chronic condition.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      persistentlong-termongoing
      Opposite
      acutetemporaryshort-lived

      Word family

      The chronic family: chronic (adjective), chronically (adverb).
    • close-knitˌkləʊs ˈnɪtadjective

      (Of a group) bound together by strong relationships and shared interests.

      A close-up of a thick hand-knitted wool blanket, its stitches tight and dense, folded on a chair
      Stitches knitted tightly together: a close-knit group has strong bonds.

      (Of a group) bound together by strong relationships and shared interests.

      They come from a close-knit community.

      Ours is a close-knit family.

      Watch out

      closeknitclose-knit

      Retain the hyphen when the adjective comes before a noun.

      Goes with

      Words that go with close-knit: close-knit community; close-knit family; close-knit team; a close-knit community.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      tight-knitcloseunited
      Opposite
      fragmenteddistant
    • connectivityˌkɒnekˈtɪvətinoun

      The state of being connected, especially to the internet or other devices.

      A rooftop at blue hour with a telecom mast and satellite dishes, the lights of a city spread out below
      Masts linking the whole city: connectivity is how well devices connect to the internet and each other.

      The state of being connected, especially to the internet or other devices.

      Rural areas often suffer from poor connectivity.

      5G promises much faster connectivity.

      Goes with

      Words that go with connectivity: internet connectivity; high-speed connectivity; poor connectivity; global connectivity.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      connectionaccesslinkage
      Opposite
      isolation

      Word family

      The connectivity family: connectivity (noun), connect (verb), connection (noun), connected (adjective).
    • cutting-edgeˌkʌtɪŋ ˈedʒadjective

      The most advanced or innovative stage in the development of something.

      The polished edge of a precision blade in razor-sharp focus, catching a line of light, beside a sleek new prototype device on a white surface
      The sharpest edge leads the cut: cutting-edge technology is the most advanced there is.

      The most advanced or innovative stage in the development of something.

      The lab uses cutting-edge technology.

      Their research is at the cutting edge of medicine.

      Remember it

      Picture the sharpest front edge of a blade: cutting-edge technology is the most advanced.

      Watch out

      cutting edge technologycutting-edge technology

      Use a hyphen when it comes before a noun.

      Goes with

      Words that go with cutting-edge: cutting-edge technology; cutting-edge research; at the cutting edge; at the cutting edge of.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      state-of-the-artleading-edgeadvanced
      Opposite
      outdatedold-fashioned
    • cybersecurityˈsaɪbəsɪˌkjʊərətinoun

      The protection of computer systems and data from digital attacks.

      A heavy brass padlock resting on the keyboard of an open laptop, the screen glowing soft blue
      A padlock on a laptop: cybersecurity protects computers and data from attack.

      The protection of computer systems and data from digital attacks.

      Companies are investing heavily in cybersecurity.

      A cybersecurity breach can cost millions.

      Goes with

      Words that go with cybersecurity: cybersecurity threat; invest in cybersecurity; cybersecurity breach; a cybersecurity attack.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      data protectioninformation security
    • deforestationˌdiːfɒrɪˈsteɪʃnnoun

      The clearing or removal of forests, usually for farming or development.

      Rows of fresh tree stumps on cleared brown land running up to the edge of a dense green forest
      Stumps where the forest stood: deforestation is clearing forests, usually for farms or building.

      The clearing or removal of forests, usually for farming or development.

      Deforestation threatens countless species.

      Illegal logging is a major cause of deforestation.

      Watch out

      deforestation of forestsdeforestation

      Deforestation already means the removal of forests.

      Goes with

      Words that go with deforestation: large-scale deforestation; cause deforestation; combat deforestation; the rate of deforestation.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      clearinglogging
      Opposite
      reforestationafforestation

      Word family

      The deforestation family: deforestation (noun), deforest (verb), forest (noun).
    • emissionsɪˈmɪʃnznoun

      Gases or substances released into the atmosphere, especially those that cause pollution.

      Tall factory chimneys sending thick grey smoke into a pale sky at sunrise
      Smoke sent out into the air: emissions are gases released into the atmosphere.

      Gases or substances released into the atmosphere, especially those that cause pollution.

      Governments have pledged to cut carbon emissions.

      Electric cars produce no exhaust emissions.

      Remember it

      Emissions are substances “sent out”; the word comes from Latin roots meaning “to send out.”

      Watch out

      carbon emissioncarbon emissions

      When referring generally to gases released, the plural is usually used.

      Goes with

      Words that go with emissions: carbon emissions; reduce emissions; greenhouse gas emissions; net-zero emissions; cut emissions.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      dischargereleaseoutput

      Word family

      The emissions family: emissions (noun), emit (verb), emission (noun).
    • epidemicˌepɪˈdemɪknoun

      A widespread occurrence of a disease, or a rapid rise in something harmful.

      A long, empty hospital corridor lined with freshly made beds, a trolley of masks and sanitiser at the front
      Beds made ready all down the corridor: an epidemic is a disease spreading fast to many people.

      A widespread occurrence of a disease, or a rapid rise in something harmful.

      The country is battling a flu epidemic.

      Some experts describe obesity as an epidemic.

      Remember it

      Epidemic combines Greek epi, “upon,” with demos, “people”: a disease spreading among people.

      Goes with

      Words that go with epidemic: flu epidemic; obesity epidemic; contain an epidemic; reach epidemic proportions.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      outbreakplague

      Word family

      The epidemic family: epidemic (noun), epidemiology (noun), epidemiologist (noun), epidemiological (adjective).
    • excursionɪkˈskɜːʃnnoun

      A short trip made for pleasure, usually returning the same day.

      A picnic basket, a small day bag and a folded blanket on a wooden pier by a lake, a boat moored alongside
      Packed for a day out and back: an excursion is a short trip for pleasure.

      A short trip made for pleasure, usually returning the same day.

      We went on a day excursion to the islands.

      The hotel arranges guided excursions.

      Remember it

      From Latin excurrere, “run out,” an excursion is a short trip out, usually returning the same day.

      Goes with

      Words that go with excursion: go on an excursion; guided excursion; day excursion; a day excursion.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      outingday tripjaunt
    • expeditionˌekspəˈdɪʃnnoun

      An organised journey undertaken for a specific purpose, such as exploration.

      Mountaineering kit laid out neatly on a floor: a big backpack, coiled ropes, an ice axe, a compass and a tent bag
      Kit packed for a serious journey: an expedition is an organised trip with a purpose.

      An organised journey undertaken for a specific purpose, such as exploration.

      They joined an expedition to the Arctic.

      The scientific expedition lasted six months.

      Goes with

      Words that go with expedition: mount an expedition; scientific expedition; join an expedition; set off on an expedition.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      journeyvoyagetrek
    • flexible workingˈfleksəbl ˈwɜːkɪŋnoun

      Working arrangements that give employees choice over hours or location.

      An open laptop on a garden table in morning sun with a cup of coffee, a planner and a pair of headphones
      Working from the garden, at your own hours: flexible working gives choice over when and where.

      Working arrangements that give employees choice over hours or location.

      Flexible working has become the norm for many.

      The company introduced flexible working after the pandemic.

      Goes with

      Words that go with flexible working: offer flexible working; flexible working arrangements; a flexible working policy.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      flexitimeremote working
      Opposite
      fixed hours
    • hospitalityˌhɒspɪˈtælətinoun

      Friendly and generous treatment of guests; also the industry that serves travellers.

      A welcome tray in a guesthouse room with a teapot, a plate of fresh biscuits, a small vase of flowers and folded towels
      Tea and biscuits waiting for guests: hospitality is a warm welcome, and the industry that gives it.

      Friendly and generous treatment of guests; also the industry that serves travellers.

      We were touched by their warm hospitality.

      She works in the hospitality industry.

      Remember it

      Hospitality comes from Latin hospes, meaning “host” or “guest,” linking it to welcoming visitors.

      Goes with

      Words that go with hospitality: warm hospitality; hospitality industry; show hospitality; extend hospitality to.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      welcomefriendlinessgenerosity
      Opposite
      hostilityinhospitality

      Word family

      The hospitality family: hospitality (noun), hospitable (adjective).
    • immunityɪˈmjuːnətinoun

      The body's ability to resist a particular infection or toxin.

      An open umbrella standing alone on a wet street in heavy rain, the pavement completely dry underneath it
      The rain cannot get through: immunity is your body's ability to resist infection.

      The body's ability to resist a particular infection or toxin.

      Vaccines build immunity against disease.

      A healthy diet can strengthen your immunity.

      Remember it

      Immunity comes from Latin immunis, meaning “exempt” or protected from a duty or burden.

      Watch out

      immunity of a diseaseimmunity to a disease

      Use to after immunity.

      Goes with

      Words that go with immunity: build immunity; boost immunity; natural immunity; immunity to disease.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      resistanceprotection
      Opposite
      susceptibilityvulnerability

      Word family

      The immunity family: immunity (noun), immune (adjective), immunise (verb), immunisation (noun).
    • in moderationɪn ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃnphrase

      In amounts that are not excessive; within sensible limits.

      One square of dark chocolate on a small white plate beside the rest of the bar, still wrapped
      One square, not the whole bar: in moderation means in sensible amounts.

      In amounts that are not excessive; within sensible limits.

      Most things are fine in moderation.

      Doctors say sugar is acceptable in moderation.

      Remember it

      Moderation comes from Latin modus, “measure,” suggesting an amount kept within sensible limits.

      Watch out

      in a moderationin moderation

      The phrase does not take an article.

      Goes with

      Words that go with in moderation: everything in moderation; drink in moderation; in moderation.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      sparinglywithin limits
      Opposite
      to excessexcessively
    • incentiveɪnˈsentɪvnoun

      Something that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

      The finish line of an empty running track with a gold trophy waiting on a small table just past the line
      A prize waiting at the finish: an incentive is something that makes you want to act.

      Something that motivates or encourages someone to do something.

      Bonuses act as an incentive to work harder.

      There is little incentive to change.

      Watch out

      an incentive for do somethingan incentive to do something

      Use to before a verb.

      Goes with

      Words that go with incentive: financial incentive; provide an incentive; incentive to; an incentive to do something.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      motivationencouragementinducement
      Opposite
      deterrentdisincentive

      Word family

      The incentive family: incentive (noun), incentivise (verb).
    • inequalityˌɪnɪˈkwɒlətinoun

      An unfair difference between groups of people in status, wealth, or opportunity.

      Two plates side by side on a table: one piled high with food, the other almost empty with a few crumbs
      One plate full, one nearly empty: inequality is an unfair difference between groups.

      An unfair difference between groups of people in status, wealth, or opportunity.

      The gap has widened social inequality.

      Education can help reduce inequality.

      Watch out

      inequality among two groupsinequality between two groups

      Use 'between' for two groups.

      Goes with

      Words that go with inequality: social inequality; income inequality; gender inequality; tackle inequality; a widening inequality.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      disparityimbalanceunfairness
      Opposite
      equalityparity

      Word family

      The inequality family: inequality (noun), unequal (adjective), equality (noun), equal (adjective).
    • influentialˌɪnfluˈenʃladjective

      Having a great effect on someone or something.

      A single stone falling into a still lake, sending wide rings of ripples across the whole surface
      One stone, ripples everywhere: influential means having a big effect on others.

      Having a great effect on someone or something.

      She is one of the most influential voices in journalism.

      The report was highly influential in shaping policy.

      Remember it

      Influential comes from Latin roots meaning “flow into,” suggesting an effect flowing into someone’s thinking or actions.

      Watch out

      influential toinfluential in/on

      Use 'influential in' an area or 'influential on' someone.

      Goes with

      Words that go with influential: highly influential; influential figure; influential role; an influential voice.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      powerfulimportantauthoritative
      Opposite
      insignificantpowerless

      Word family

      The influential family: influential (adjective), influence (noun, verb).
    • integrationˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃnnoun

      The process of combining people or groups into a unified society or system.

      Threads of many different colours being woven together into one strong, tightly woven cloth on a loom
      Separate threads woven into one cloth: integration brings different groups together as one.

      The process of combining people or groups into a unified society or system.

      Language classes support the integration of newcomers.

      Social integration takes time and effort.

      Remember it

      Integration comes from Latin roots meaning “make whole,” linking it to combining separate parts into one.

      Watch out

      integration into the societyintegration into society

      No article is normally used with society in this general sense.

      Goes with

      Words that go with integration: social integration; economic integration; promote integration; the integration of communities.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      assimilationincorporationunification
      Opposite
      segregationexclusion

      Word family

      The integration family: integration (noun), integrate (verb), integrated (adjective).
    • intellectualˌɪntəˈlektʃuəladjective

      Relating to the ability to think and understand ideas at a high level.

      A grand quiet library reading room with tall bookshelves, rows of green desk lamps and open books on long wooden tables
      A room built for ideas: intellectual means to do with thinking and understanding at a high level.

      Relating to the ability to think and understand ideas at a high level.

      University should offer genuine intellectual challenge.

      Reading widely stimulates intellectual curiosity.

      Goes with

      Words that go with intellectual: intellectual curiosity; intellectual challenge; intellectual property; intellectually demanding.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      cerebralacademicscholarly
      Opposite
      unintellectual

      Word family

      The intellectual family: intellectual (adjective), intellect (noun), intellectually (adverb).
    • itineraryaɪˈtɪnərərinoun

      A planned route or schedule for a journey.

      A map with no readable names, a route marked across it by red pins joined with thread, a passport and a train ticket beside it
      Pins and thread marking each stop: an itinerary is the planned route of a journey.

      A planned route or schedule for a journey.

      Our itinerary includes three cities in five days.

      She drew up a detailed itinerary for the trip.

      Remember it

      From Latin iter, “journey,” an itinerary is a planned route or schedule for travelling.

      Goes with

      Words that go with itinerary: detailed itinerary; travel itinerary; plan an itinerary; a packed itinerary.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      scheduletravel planroute
    • normnɔːmnoun

      A standard or pattern of behaviour that is typical or expected in a society.

      A row of identical white teacups on a shelf, all with their handles turned exactly the same way
      Everything the same, the expected way: a norm is the usual way of behaving in a society.

      A standard or pattern of behaviour that is typical or expected in a society.

      Working from home has become the norm.

      Social norms vary from culture to culture.

      Remember it

      Norm comes from Latin norma, meaning a rule or standard.

      Goes with

      Words that go with norm: social norms; cultural norms; become the norm; the norm rather than the exception.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      standardconventionrule
      Opposite
      exceptionanomaly

      Word family

      The norm family: norm (noun), normal (adjective), normally (adverb), normality (noun), normalise (verb).
    • prejudiceˈpredʒədɪsnoun

      An unfair opinion about someone formed without reason or knowledge.

      A judge's wooden gavel resting on top of a closed, unopened book on a dark desk
      The verdict before the book is opened: prejudice is judging before you know the facts.

      An unfair opinion about someone formed without reason or knowledge.

      Education can help break down prejudice.

      She faced prejudice because of her accent.

      Remember it

      Prejudice comes from Latin roots meaning “judge beforehand,” before knowing the facts.

      Watch out

      prejudice towards someoneprejudice against someone

      Usually used with 'against' when describing unfair treatment.

      Goes with

      Words that go with prejudice: racial prejudice; overcome prejudice; deep-seated prejudice; without prejudice.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      biasbigotryintolerance
      Opposite
      toleranceopen-mindedness

      Word family

      The prejudice family: prejudice (noun, verb), prejudiced (adjective), prejudicial (adjective).
    • productivityˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvətinoun

      The rate at which goods or work are produced, relative to time or effort.

      A conveyor belt carrying a steady line of identical sealed boxes through a bright, orderly warehouse
      A steady stream of finished work: productivity is how much is produced for the time and effort.

      The rate at which goods or work are produced, relative to time or effort.

      Automation has boosted productivity.

      Long hours don't always increase productivity.

      Goes with

      Words that go with productivity: boost productivity; increase productivity; productivity levels; improve productivity.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      outputefficiencyyield
      Opposite
      inefficiency

      Word family

      The productivity family: productivity (noun), productive (adjective), productively (adverb), produce (verb), product (noun).
    • proficientprəˈfɪʃntadjective

      Competent or skilled in doing or using something.

      A well-used chef's knife on a wooden board beside a vegetable cut into perfectly even, paper-thin slices
      Perfectly even slices: a proficient cook has the skill to do it well.

      Competent or skilled in doing or using something.

      She is proficient in three languages.

      Employers expect graduates to be proficient with common software.

      Remember it

      From Latin proficere, “to advance,” proficient people have advanced skill in something.

      Watch out

      proficient at Englishproficient in English

      For a language or subject, use 'in'.

      Goes with

      Words that go with proficient: proficient in; highly proficient; become proficient; reach a proficient level.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      skilledadeptcompetentaccomplished
      Opposite
      incompetentineptunskilled

      Word family

      The proficient family: proficient (adjective), proficiency (noun), proficiently (adverb).
    • recessionrɪˈseʃnnoun

      A period of temporary economic decline with reduced trade and activity.

      A quiet high street with many shops closed behind shutters and empty windows on a grey day
      Shutters down all along the street: a recession is a time when the economy shrinks.

      A period of temporary economic decline with reduced trade and activity.

      The economy slipped into recession.

      Many small firms closed during the recession.

      Remember it

      From Latin recedere, “to withdraw,” recession describes an economy pulling back or declining.

      Goes with

      Words that go with recession: economic recession; slide into recession; global recession; in the grip of a recession.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      downturnslumpdepression
      Opposite
      boomrecoveryupturn

      Word family

      The recession family: recession (noun), recessionary (adjective).
    • revenueˈrevənjuːnoun

      The income that a business receives from its normal activities.

      An open shop till drawer full of banknotes and coins at the end of the day, a receipt roll beside it
      The day's takings in the till: revenue is the money a business brings in.

      The income that a business receives from its normal activities.

      Advertising is their main source of revenue.

      The company's revenue grew by 20%.

      Goes with

      Words that go with revenue: generate revenue; revenue stream; annual revenue; a source of revenue.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      incomeearningstakings
      Opposite
      expenditureoutgoings
    • revolutioniseˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪzverb

      To change something completely and fundamentally, usually for the better.

      An electric car's charging cable plugged into a sleek socket, beside an old dented petrol can on the garage floor
      From petrol can to plug: to revolutionise something is to change it completely.

      To change something completely and fundamentally, usually for the better.

      The internet has revolutionised the way we communicate.

      AI could revolutionise healthcare.

      Goes with

      Words that go with revolutionise: revolutionise an industry; completely revolutionise; revolutionise the way we….

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      transformoverhaulreinvent
      Opposite
      preservemaintain

      Word family

      The revolutionise family: revolutionise (verb), revolution (noun), revolutionary (adjective).
    • rote learningˌrəʊt ˈlɜːnɪŋnoun

      Memorising information through repetition rather than by understanding it.

      A brass metronome beside a tall, perfectly squared stack of identical blank index cards on a desk
      The same card, the same beat, again and again: rote learning is memorising by repetition, not understanding.

      Memorising information through repetition rather than by understanding it.

      Critics argue that rote learning does little to develop critical thinking.

      Too much of the exam relied on rote learning of dates and formulas.

      Remember it

      A 'rote' is a fixed route you repeat over and over, same path, no thinking.

      Goes with

      Words that go with rote learning: rely on rote learning; rote memorisation; rote-learn facts; learn something by rote.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      memorisationlearning by heartmechanical learning
      Opposite
      active learninglearning through understanding
    • under the weatherˌʌndə ðə ˈweðəidiom

      Slightly unwell.

      Rain streaming down a window under grey clouds, with a mug of hot lemon and a box of tissues on the sill
      Grey skies, hot lemon, tissues: feeling under the weather means feeling a little ill.

      Slightly unwell.

      I'm feeling a bit under the weather today.

      He's been under the weather all week.

      Watch out

      under weatherunder the weather

      The idiom requires the.

      Goes with

      Words that go with under the weather: feel under the weather; under the weather.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      unwellpoorlyoff-colour
      Opposite
      in good healthfit as a fiddle
    • unwindˌʌnˈwaɪndverb

      To relax after a period of work or tension.

      A hammock strung between two trees in evening light, a book and a cold drink on a small stool beside it
      A hammock at the end of the day: to unwind is to relax after work or stress.

      To relax after a period of work or tension.

      A holiday is the perfect chance to unwind.

      He unwinds by walking on the beach.

      Watch out

      unwindedunwound

      The past form is irregular.

      Goes with

      Words that go with unwind: unwind after work; a chance to unwind; unwind and relax.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      relaxde-stresswind down
      Opposite
      tense up
    • viralˈvaɪrəladjective

      (Of content) spreading very quickly and widely online.

      A pattern of dominoes falling across a floor, branching outward from a single first domino into many lines
      One push, then it spreads in every direction: viral content spreads fast online.

      (Of content) spreading very quickly and widely online.

      The clip went viral overnight.

      Brands dream of creating viral content.

      Watch out

      a virala viral post/video

      Viral is normally an adjective, not a noun for online content.

      Goes with

      Words that go with viral: go viral; viral video; viral content; go viral.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      widely sharedtrending
      Opposite
      unnoticed

      Word family

      The viral family: viral (adjective), virus (noun).
    • vocationalvəʊˈkeɪʃənladjective

      Relating to training that prepares people for a specific trade or occupation.

      A carpenter's workbench with a wood plane, chisels, curled wood shavings and a half-finished dovetail joint
      The tools of one trade: vocational training prepares you for a particular job.

      Relating to training that prepares people for a specific trade or occupation.

      Vocational courses give students practical, job-ready skills.

      There is growing demand for vocational training in the trades.

      Remember it

      From Latin vocare, “to call,” vocational training prepares you for your calling or occupation.

      Goes with

      Words that go with vocational: vocational training; vocational qualification; vocational course; a vocational route into work.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      occupationalcareer-focusedpractical
      Opposite
      academictheoretical

      Word family

      The vocational family: vocational (adjective), vocation (noun), vocationally (adverb).
    • walk of lifeˌwɔːk əv ˈlaɪfidiom

      A person's occupation or position within society.

      A row of very different work shoes on a wooden floor: chef's clogs, steel-toed boots, ballet shoes, polished office shoes and hospital trainers
      Shoes from different jobs: your walk of life is your job or place in society.

      A person's occupation or position within society.

      The club welcomes people from all walks of life.

      You meet every walk of life in this job.

      Watch out

      people from every walks of lifepeople from every walk of life

      'every' is followed by a singular noun.

      Goes with

      Words that go with walk of life: all walks of life; every walk of life; people from all walks of life.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      backgroundsocial class
    • well-roundedˌwel ˈraʊndɪdadjective

      Having a broad range of knowledge, skills, or experience.

      A shallow round wooden tray holding a book, a paintbrush, a small football, a harmonica and a seedling in a pot
      Books, art, sport and music together: a well-rounded person has a broad mix of skills.

      Having a broad range of knowledge, skills, or experience.

      Extracurricular activities help produce well-rounded students.

      Employers value a well-rounded candidate.

      Goes with

      Words that go with well-rounded: well-rounded education; well-rounded individual; a well-rounded person.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      all-roundversatilebalanced
      Opposite
      one-dimensionalnarrow
    • wellbeingˌwelˈbiːɪŋnoun

      The state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy.

      A calm sunlit room with a rolled yoga mat, a plant, a cup of herbal tea and an open window onto a green garden
      Calm, light and good habits: wellbeing is feeling healthy, comfortable and happy.

      The state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy.

      Employers are paying more attention to staff wellbeing.

      Exercise improves both physical and mental wellbeing.

      Goes with

      Words that go with wellbeing: mental wellbeing; sense of wellbeing; promote wellbeing; a sense of wellbeing.

      Similar and opposite

      Similar
      welfarewellnesshealth
      Opposite
      distressill health

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